Doubts about the creation of the Qur’aan

Question

Praise be to Allah.

Firstly:

The Muslim believes that the Holy Qur’aan is the Word of
Allaah, which He spoke in a manner that befits His Majesty and might, may He
be glorified.

Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):

“And if anyone of the
Mushrikoon (polytheists, idolaters, pagans, disbelievers in the Oneness of
Allaah) seeks your protection then grant him protection so that he may hear
the Word of Allaah (the Qur’aan) and then escort him to where he can be
secure, that is because they are men who know not”

[al-Tawbah 9:6].

Imam al-Aajurri said in al-Sharee’ah (1/84):

You should realize, may Allaah have mercy on us and you, that
the belief of the Muslims whose hearts are not devoid of the truth and who
have been guided aright, is that the Qur’aan is the word of Allaah, and is
not created, because the Qur’aan is part of the knowledge of Allaah, and the
knowledge of Allaah cannot be created; exalted be Allaah far above that.
This is indicated by the Qur’aan, the Sunnah, the words of the Sahaabah (may
Allaah be pleased with them) and the words of the imams of the Muslims (may
Allaah have mercy on them). No one denies this but an evil Jahami, and the
Jahamis are kaafirs according to the scholars.

Allaah said to His Prophet (peace and blessings of
Allaah be upon him) (interpretation of the meaning):

“Say (O Muhammad
صلى الله عليه وسلم): ‘O mankind! Verily,
I am sent to you all as the Messenger of Allaah — to Whom belongs the
dominion of the heavens and the earth. Laa ilaaha illa Huwa (none has the
right to be worshipped but He). It is He Who gives life and causes death. So
believe in Allaah and His Messenger (Muhammad
صلى الله عليه وسلم), the Prophet who can neither read nor write (i.e.
Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم), who
believes in Allaah and His Words [(this Qur’aan), the Tawraat (Torah) and
the Injeel (Gospel) and also Allaah’s Word: “Be!” — and he was, i.e. ‘Eesa
(Jesus) son of Maryam (Mary), عليهما السلام],
and follow him so that you may be guided’”

[al-A’raaf 7:158]

This refers to the Qur’aan.

And Allaah said to Moosa (peace be upon him) (interpretation
of the meaning):

“O Moosa (Moses) I
have chosen you above men by My Messages, and by My speaking (to you). So
hold that which I have given you and be of the grateful”

[al-A’raaf 7:144]

There are many similar verses in the Qur’aan. Allaah says
(interpretation of the meaning):

“Then whoever disputes
with you concerning him [‘Eesa (Jesus)] after (all this) knowledge that has
come to you [i.e. ‘Eesa (Jesus) being a slave of Allaah, and having no share
in Divinity]”

[Aal ‘Imraan 3:61]

and He says (interpretation of the meaning):

“Verily, if you follow
their desires after that which you have received of knowledge (from Allaah),
then indeed you will be one of the Zaalimoon (polytheists, wrongdoers)”

[al-Baqarah 2:145]

Allaah is All-Knowing, All-Hearing, All-Seeing and He speaks
and all of His attributes are eternal and existed before He created
anything. The one who says anything other than that is a kaafir.

We will quote some Sunnahs, reports and scholarly opinions
which will prove this point; rather when the one who has knowledge and
reason hears them, they will increase him in knowledge and understanding,
and when the one in whose heart is deviation hears them, if Allaah wants to
guide him to the path of truth, he will change his mind, but if he does not
change his mind, the calamity will be greater for him. End quote.

Whoever would like to know more may refer to the mutawaatir
evidence mentioned by al-Aajurri which shows that the Qur’aan is the word of
Allaah and is not created.

Secondly:

The idea that the Qur’aan is created is not derived from the
Qur’aan and Sunnah, rather it is based on rational evidence that led them to
deny some of the attributes of Allaah, may He be exalted. That was when they
said that the attributes can only exist in created beings, and they reached
this idea through a series of misconceptions that they called “evidence that
this world is not eternal”. Then after that they looked in the Holy Qur’aan
and distorted all the evidence that goes against this concept that they came
up with, and they compiled every specious argument that could be indicated.
Among the specious arguments they cling to is that which was mentioned by
the questioner, which is mentioned in saheeh ahad reports – even though with
regard to ‘aqeedah they do not quote anything but mutawaatir reports as
evidence – that the Qur’aan will come on the Day of Resurrection in a
specific form to intercede for its companions. They said that this indicates
that it is a created being, as nothing can be described as coming and going
except something that is created.

It was narrated that Abu Umaamah al-Baahili (may Allaah have
mercy on him) said: I heard the Messenger of Allaah (peace and
blessings of Allaah be upon him) say: “Read the Qur’aan, for it will come on
the Day of Resurrection interceding for its companions. Read the two bright
ones, al-Baqarah and Soorat Aal ‘Imraan, for they will come on the Day of
Resurrection like two clouds or shadows, or like two flocks of birds in
ranks, pleading on behalf of their companions” Narrated by Muslim (804).

Clouds and shadows refer to things that shade a man from
above his head, and two flocks of birds in ranks refers to birds that spread
their wings in the air. Sharh Muslim by al-Nawawi (6/90).

And it was narrated from Buraydah (may Allaah be pleased with
him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said:
“The Qur’aan will come on the Day of Resurrection, like a pale man, and will
say: I am the one that kept you awake at night and made you thirsty during
the day” Narrated by Ibn Majaah (3781); classed as saheeh by
al-Busayri in al-Zawaa’id and by Ibn Hajar in al-Mataalib
al-‘Aaliyah (4/66). Al-Albaani said in Da’eef Ibn Majaah: It is
da’eef but may be classed as hasan. It was classed as hasan because of the
hadeeth of Abu Hurayrah in al-Silsilah al-Saheehah (2829).

This is an ancient argument that was answered by Imam Ahmad
and other imams of Sunnah.

Ibn Qutaybah (may Allaah have mercy on him) said in
Ta’weel Mukhtalaf al-Hadeeth (258):

What was meant by the words “al-Baqarah and al ‘Imraan will
come like two clouds” is that their reward will come to the one who read
them and will shade him on the Day of Resurrection, and the reward will come
to a man in his grave, and it will come to a man on the Day of Resurrection
and argue in his defence. … End quote.

See: al-Radd ‘ala al-Zanaadiqah wa’l-Jahamiyyah, by
Imam Ahmad (42-43).

Ibn Battah said in al-Ibaanah al-Kubra (5/476):

The Jahamis resorted to distorting the meaning of some
ahaadeeth. So as to deceive those who have no knowledge of hadeeth. What was
meant in the ahaadeeth when it said that “the Qur’aan will come, and
al-Baqarah will come, and prayer will come, and fasting will come” is that
the reward for all that will come, and all of this is explained in the
Qur’aan and Sunnah.

Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):

“So whosoever does good equal to the weight of an atom (or
a small ant) shall see it.

8. And whosoever does evil equal to the weight of an atom
(or a small ant) shall see it”

[al-Zalzalah 99:7-8].

The apparent meaning of these words is that he will see both
good and evil, but he will not see good and evil, rather he will see the
recompense for them, namely both reward and punishment.

Similarly, Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):

“On the Day when every person will be confronted with all
the good he has done, and all the evil he has done, he will wish that there
were a great distance between him and his evil. And Allaah warns you against
Himself (His punishment) and Allaah is full of kindness to (His) slaves”

[Aal ‘Imraan 3:30].

This does not mean that these deeds that you did will come in
that form, in the form of evil, rather you will see the recompense for all
of that in the form of reward and punishment.

So it may be said that the Qur’aan will come, and that prayer
will come, and that zakaah will come, and that patience will come, and that
gratitude will come, but what will come will be the reward for all of that.
End quote.

Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah sad in Majmoo’ al-Fataawa
(8/408):

When the Jahamis argued with Imam Ahmad and others of Ahl
al-Sunnah saying that the Qur’aan was created, on the basis of the words of
the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him): “Al-Baqarah
and Aal ‘Imraan will come like two clouds or shadows, or like two flocks of
birds in ranks” or “The Qur’aan will come like a pale man” and so on.

They said: The one that comes and goes can only be something
created.

Imam Ahmad responded to them by saying that Allaah, may He be
exalted, has described Himself as coming and going, as He says
(interpretation of the meaning):

“Do they then wait for anything other than that the angels
should come to them, or that your Lord (Allaah) should come, or that some of
the Signs of your Lord should come”

[al-An’aam 6:158]

“And your Lord comes with the angels in rows”

[al-Fajr 89:22].

Yet despite that, this cannot be taken as evidence that He is
created, according to consensus, rather one may say His command or decree
has come. Similarly the Mu’tazilah who say that the Qur’aan was created,
interpret this verse as meaning that His command or decree has come. So why
can’t it be said that the coming of the Qur’aan refers to the coming of its
reward, and that what is meant by “al-Baqarah and Aal ‘Imraan will come” is
the coming of their reward, and their reward is created? This was stated by
more than one scholar, and they explained that what was meant by the coming
of al-Baqarah and Aal ‘Imraan was their reward, to answer the Jahamis who
claimed that the coming and going of the Qur’aan meant that it was created.
End quote.

In Majmoo’ al-Fataawa (5/398) it says:

Ahmad and other imams of Sunnah interpreted this hadeeth as
meaning that the reward of al-Baqarah and Aal ‘Imraan will come, as
something similar was said about the coming of one’s deeds in the grave and
on the Day of Resurrection – what is meant is the reward for one’s deeds.
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Read
al-Baqarah and Soorat Aal ‘Imraan, for they will come on the Day of
Resurrection like two clouds or shadows, or like two flocks of birds in
ranks, pleading on behalf of their companions.”

This hadeeth is in al-Saheeh. Because it enjoins
reading them and states that they will come pleading on behalf of the
reader, it is known that what is meant by that is the reader’s recitation of
them, which is his deed, and the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah
be upon him) told us that his deed, which is his recitation of them, will
come in the form that he mentioned, just as he told us that other deeds will
also come. End quote.

From the above it is clear that it is not valid to quote
these ahaadeeth as evidence that the Qur’aan is created, because what is
referred to in them is the reward for reading the Qur’aan, just as what is
meant in the verse “So whosoever does good equal to the weight of an atom
(or a small ant) shall see it” [al-Zalzalah 99:7] is that he will see
the reward for good.