Ruling on offering udhiyah on behalf of the dead and on behalf of the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him)

Question

Praise be to Allah.

It is not
prescribed to offer or give the udhiyah on behalf of the Prophet (blessings
and peace of Allah be upon him), because that was not narrated from any of
the Sahaabah, despite their perfect love for him and their perfect eagerness
to do good, and the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) did
not instruct his ummah to do that, as he instructed them to send blessings
upon him and to pray for al-waseelah (a station in Paradise) and al-fadeelah
(a rank above the rest of creation) for him after the adhaan. If it were
something good, he (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) would have
directed them to do it. Moreover, whatever good his ummah does, he is
rewarded for it, because he was the one who guided, taught and called people
to it. So for the doer to dedicate the reward of the deed to the Prophet
(blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) is pointless; rather it means
that the doer is deflecting the reward from himself without that benefiting
anyone else.

This has been
explained in detail in the answer to question no. 52772

Secondly:

Offering udhiyah
on behalf of the dead may occur in one of three ways:

1.

Where the
udhiyah is offered on their behalf along with the living, such as if a man
offers an udhiyah on behalf of himself and on behalf of the members of his
family, intending it to include both the living and the dead. This is
permissible, and the evidence for that is the fact that the Prophet
(blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) used to offer the udhiyah on
behalf of himself and on behalf of the members of his family, including
those who had previously died, such as Khadeejah (may Allah be pleased with
her).

2.

Where the
udhiyah is offered on behalf of the dead in fulfilment of their wishes and
instructions given before their death (bequests). This is obligatory, except
in cases where one is not able to do that. The evidence for that is the
verse in which Allah, may He be exalted, says concerning the changing of
bequests (interpretation of the meaning):

“Then
whoever changes the bequest after hearing it, the sin shall be on those who
make the change. Truly, Allah is All-Hearer, All-Knower”

[al-Baqarah
2:181].

3.

Where the
udhiyah is offered on behalf of the dead voluntarily and independently of
the living (such as when a person offers a separate udhiyah on behalf of his
father, or a separate udhiyah on behalf of his mother). This is permissible,
and the Hanbali fuqaha’ stated that the reward thereof will reach the
deceased and benefit him, by analogy with giving charity on his behalf. But
it is preferable not to do that, because there is no report to that effect.
The Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) did not offer an
udhiyah specifically on behalf of any of his deceased loved ones. He did not
offer an udhiyah on behalf of his paternal uncle Hamzah, who was one of the
dearest of his relatives to him, or on behalf of his children who died
during his lifetime, or on behalf of his wife Khadeejah, who was one of the
dearest of his wives to him. And there is no report from any of his
companions during his lifetime that any of them offered an udhiyah on behalf
of one of his deceased loved ones.

See also the
answer to question no. 36596.

And Allah knows
best.