Ruling on prizes offered by some store owners

Question

Praise be to Allah.

With regard to this kind of transaction we need to address
both the seller and the buyer. We say to the seller: Are you raising the
price of the product because of this prize, or not? If you are raising the
price then that is not permissible, because if the price is raised and the
people buy from him, they will be either losers or winners, i.e., they will
either lose out or gain something.

If this product is worth ten in the marketplace, for example,
but you sell it for twelve because of the prize, this is not permissible,
because the one who buys it for twelve will either lose the extra amount
that he paid, or he will gain many times that amount in the prize, so this
comes under the heading of gambling, which is haraam. This is one point.

If the seller says, ‘I am selling it for the regular price,
no more and no less,’ then he may offer those prizes to encourage people to
buy from him.

Then we turn to the buyer and say to him: Did you buy this
product because you need it, and you would have bought it whether there was
a prize or not? Or did you buy it only because of the prize? If he says the
former, we say: there is nothing wrong with buying from this one or that
one, because so long as the price is like the regular price, and you are
buying this product because you need it, then you will either be a winner or
you will be safe from loss. In that case there is nothing wrong with buying
from the one who offers prizes.

But if he says: I am buying it although I do not want the
product, I am only buying it so that I can get the prize, we say: This is a
waste of money, because you do not know whether you will win the prize or
not.

I have heard that some people will buy a carton of milk when
they do not want it; they buy it and throw it away, because there is the
chance of winning a prize. This is a waste of money, and it was proven that
the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) forbade wasting
money.

There remains a third point: if someone were to say: This
transaction harms other sellers, because if this seller offers prizes and
his price is like everyone else’s, then all the people will go to him and
the products of other sellers will remain unsold, so it will be harming
others. We say that this must be referred to the state; the state should
intervene if it thinks that this will cause trouble in the market, and it
should put a stop to it if it thinks that doing so is in the public interest
or that there is some tinkering with the market – and tinkering with the
market is something which should be stopped by the authorities.

Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen (may Allaah have mercy on him).

Liqa’aat al-baab il-Maftooh
(3/27).